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--- en:grammar:adjectives:compound_adjectives_and_further_information [2016/11/28 15:47] – [Compound adjectives] kim
+++ en:grammar:adjectives:compound_adjectives_and_further_information [2023/02/14 14:31] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 <html><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">There are a lot of compound nouns used to describe people in which the second word relates to a part of the body and resembles a past participle although there is no related verb:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I have a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">red-haired </SPAN>daughter and a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">blond-haired </SPAN>son.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's tall and <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">broad-shouldered</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Here are some more examples:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">blue/brown/green-eyed</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">brown/black/fair/dark-haired</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">rosy-cheeked</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">slim-hipped</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">long-legged</SPAN></B></P> <P>&nbsp;</P> <P><BR>&nbsp;</P></html>
 =====Hyphens with compound adjectives=====
-<html><P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Most <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">two-word </SPAN>compound adjectives are hyphenated. This is sometimes necessary in order to avoid ambiguity. For example:<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"><?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I saw a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">man-eating </SPAN>shark. [I saw a shark - the kind of shark that eats people.]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I saw a man eating shark. [I saw a man who was eating shark.]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">hand-delivered </SPAN>invitations were much appreciated.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><IMG id=39 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 16px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" height=111></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">The hand delivered invitations were much appreciated.&nbsp; <IMG id=40 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 17px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" height=149>&nbsp;</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>[Because it mightseem, when starting to read the sentence,</SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">that just a hand and not a persondelivered the invitations.]</SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">used-book </SPAN>seller.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's a used book seller. [Are the books used or the seller?]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We always use hyphens with <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">multi-word </SPAN>adjectives in order to make the meaning clear:</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">It was a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">never-to-be-forgotten </SPAN>trip.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><IMG id=39 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 16px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" height=111></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">It was a never to be forgotten trip.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><IMG id=40 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 17px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" height=149></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We do not need to use hyphens when multi-word adjectives aren't directly before the noun. For example:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He likes to keep up to date with mobile phone technology.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He was nothing out of the ordinary.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He sells books door to door.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>The same is true of adverb + past participles:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The room was brightly lit.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The staff were highly motivated.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>But those with 'well' remain hyphenated:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He isn't <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">well-known </SPAN>in the UK.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Her children are <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">well-behaved</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The word 'ill' used to be used as an adverb and meant 'badly'. It survives in certain expressions and compound adjectives:</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The employees in these factories are often <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">ill-treated</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He was <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">ill-prepared </SPAN>for the exam.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB><FONT face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt"><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></FONT></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">We do not always form a compound adjective when placing an adverb and past participle together. For example: </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE Table style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 40.85pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 382.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=510 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BACKGROUND: #4f81bd; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.35pt" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white">Hyphenated - a descriptive adjective, what something is like</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BACKGROUND: #4f81bd; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.4pt" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white">Not hyphenated - primarily about how or when something is done</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; "> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BORDER-BOTTOM: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">It's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">densely-populated</SPAN> area. [crowded]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">These people have <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">deeply-rooted</SPAN> traditions. [old]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">It's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">widely-held</SPAN> belief. [common]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">It's a publicly run service. </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Their deposit was partially refunded.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">They discussed the recently launched products.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">6.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">There are different opinions about whether some compound adjectives should be hyphenated at all. If you are unsure, look in a good dictionary for examples.<SPAN style="COLOR: red"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">7.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">Compound adjectives are not fixed in the language so, in informal conversation, we sometimes invent new ones when needed using the above constructions. </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P><BR>&nbsp;</P> <P>&nbsp;</P></html>
+<html><P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Most <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">two-word </SPAN>compound adjectives are hyphenated. This is sometimes necessary in order to avoid ambiguity. For example:<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"><?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I saw a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">man-eating </SPAN>shark. [I saw a shark - the kind of shark that eats people.]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I saw a man eating shark. [I saw a man who was eating shark.]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">hand-delivered </SPAN>invitations were much appreciated.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><IMG id=39 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 16px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" height=111></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">The hand delivered invitations were much appreciated.&nbsp; <IMG id=40 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 17px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" height=149>&nbsp;</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>[Because it might seem, when starting to read the sentence,</SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">that just a hand and not a person delivered the invitations.]</SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">used-book </SPAN>seller.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's a used book seller. [Are the books used or the seller?]</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We always use hyphens with <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">multi-word </SPAN>adjectives in order to make the meaning clear:</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">It was a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">never-to-be-forgotten </SPAN>trip.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><IMG id=39 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 16px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" height=111></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">It was a never to be forgotten trip.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><IMG id=40 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 17px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" height=149></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We do not need to use hyphens when multi-word adjectives aren't directly before the noun. For example:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He likes to keep up to date with mobile phone technology.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He was nothing out of the ordinary.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He sells books door to door.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>The same is true of adverb + past participles:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The room was brightly lit.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The staff were highly motivated.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>But those with 'well' remain hyphenated:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He isn't <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">well-known </SPAN>in the UK.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Her children are <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">well-behaved</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The word 'ill' used to be used as an adverb and meant 'badly'. It survives in certain expressions and compound adjectives:</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The employees in these factories are often <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">ill-treated</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He was <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">ill-prepared </SPAN>for the exam.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB><FONT face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt"><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></FONT></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">We do not always form a compound adjective when placing an adverb and past participle together. For example: </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE Table style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 40.85pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 382.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=510 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BACKGROUND: #4f81bd; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.35pt" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white">Hyphenated - a descriptive adjective, what something is like</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BACKGROUND: #4f81bd; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.4pt" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white">Not hyphenated - primarily about how or when something is done</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; "> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BORDER-BOTTOM: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">It's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">densely-populated</SPAN> area. [crowded]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">These people have <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">deeply-rooted</SPAN> traditions. [old]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">It's a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">widely-held</SPAN> belief. [common]</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #4f81bd 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #4f81bd 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 191.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=255> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">It's a publicly run service. </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Their deposit was partially refunded.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">They discussed the recently launched products.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm -5.4pt 0pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">6.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">There are different opinions about whether some compound adjectives should be hyphenated at all. If you are unsure, look in a good dictionary for examples.<SPAN style="COLOR: red"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">7.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">Compound adjectives are not fixed in the language so, in informal conversation, we sometimes invent new ones when needed using the above constructions. </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P><BR>&nbsp;</P> <P>&nbsp;</P></html>
 =====Nationality=====
 <html><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We use adjectives for nationality in the same way as other adjectives - before a noun or after a verb:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB><FONT face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I met a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Spanish</SPAN> man at the conference.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We have a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Swedish</SPAN> manager.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He'<U>s</U> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">French</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">They <U>look</U> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Chinese</SPAN>.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">However, the adjectives ending in 'an' can also be used alone as nouns:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I met a German/an American/an Italian.&nbsp; </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><IMG id=39 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 16px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" height=111></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I met a Swedish/a French/a Japanese.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN lang=EN-GB><IMG id=40 style="HEIGHT: 11px; WIDTH: 17px" alt=Image src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" height=149></SPAN></SPAN><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Note that </SPAN></B><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">adjectives relating to countries, continents, states, cities and other regions all begin with a capital letter:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #ff33cc; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">They had to close their <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">European</SPAN> plants.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">She has a <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Parisian</SPAN> boyfriend.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial">Many of them are irregular, including the unusual examples relating to British cities below, so check in a good dictionary if you aren't sure.<SPAN style="COLOR: #00b050"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Liverpool - <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Liverpudlian</SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Manchester - <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Mancunian </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt"><B style=""><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Glasgow - <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">Glaswegian </SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P><BR>&nbsp;</P> <P>&nbsp;</P></html>
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 =====Gradable and non-gradable adjectives=====
 <html><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspfirst=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Some adjectives can be categorised as 'gradable' or 'non-gradable'.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>We use gradable adjectives for qualities that vary in intensity or degree. We can ask the question, 'How..?'</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspfirst=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /-->&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>How <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">hot</span>/<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">big</span>/<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">important</span>/<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">strong</span>/<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">old</span> is it? </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>With non-gradable adjectives, there is no question of degree. For example, a person is either <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">dead</span> or not; a cup is either <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">full</span> or not. For this reason, extreme adjectives are also non-gradable as are classifying adjectives such as <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">electrical</span>, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">wooden</span> or <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">indoor</span>. </span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td width="308" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;"><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Gradable adjectives<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="308" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;"><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Non-gradable adjectives<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td width="308" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>angry </span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>busy</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>intelligent </span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>cold</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>deep</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>fast</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>happy</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>high</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>funny</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>soft</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>useful</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>friendly</span></b></p></td><td width="308" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>right</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>wrong</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>possible</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>impossible</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>unique</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>essential</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>empty</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>delicious</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>medical</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>chemical</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>married</span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>lost</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: auto auto 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto;" cxspmiddle=""><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>We do not usually use <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">adverbs of degree </span>with non-gradable adjectives. However, in informal conversation, we sometimes use intensifiers that mean 'completely' for emphasis:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>We couldn't get into the restaurant last night - it was <u>completely</u><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> full</span>.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>You're <u>absolutely</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">right</span>; I couldn't agree more.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Are you <u>entirely</u><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> certain</span> about that?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 49.65pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>And 'quite' is sometimes used in conversation with some non-gradable adjectives to mean 'completely' or 'absolutely'.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>You're <u>quite</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">right</span>.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>The meal was <u>quite</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">delicious</span>.</span></b></p><br></html>
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