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en:grammar:clauses:infinitive_clause [2016/09/14 15:06] – kimen:grammar:clauses:infinitive_clause [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 <html><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An infinitive clause or phrase is one which contains an<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #8064a2">infinitive</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>as the main verb. </SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">There are two types of infinitive clause:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm" type=1> <LI style="COLOR: #353535; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">The</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to-infinitive</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">clause. The verb follows</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> '</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to'.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></LI></OL> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I need<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">to go shopping</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>this afternoon.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">My boss allows me<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to leave early</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>on<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>Fridays.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm" type=1 start=2> <LI style="COLOR: #353535; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">A</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #7030a0; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">bare infinitive</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">phrase. The verb does not follow</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> '</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to'</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></LI></OL> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I must<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">go shopping</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>this afternoon.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">My boss<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">lets<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"> </SPAN>me<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"> leave early</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>on Fridays.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An infinitive clause can act as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">A noun clause - the <SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0">subject</SPAN> or <SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0">object</SPAN> of a sentence answering the question 'who?' or 'what?'</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">She helped</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to write the report</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">Her job as a coach is</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to teach language skills</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An adjective clause modifies the noun, giving more information about it. These clauses give an opinion or a purpose for the noun.</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I don't have time</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to go to the meeting</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">. </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[modifies 'time']</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial,Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">John wants a book</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to read</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">. </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[modifies 'book']</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An adverbial clause<SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>adds information to the main clause, answering questions such as 'when?', 'where?', 'why?', 'with what goal?' and 'under what conditions?' </SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">John was invited</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to speak</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">at the conference</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial,Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[tells us why he was invited]</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">Jeremy is keen</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to improve his grammar</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt">&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt">&nbsp;</P></html> <html><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An infinitive clause or phrase is one which contains an<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #8064a2">infinitive</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>as the main verb. </SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">There are two types of infinitive clause:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm" type=1> <LI style="COLOR: #353535; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">The</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to-infinitive</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">clause. The verb follows</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> '</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to'.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></LI></OL> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I need<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">to go shopping</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>this afternoon.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">My boss allows me<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to leave early</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>on<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>Fridays.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm" type=1 start=2> <LI style="COLOR: #353535; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">A</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #7030a0; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">bare infinitive</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">phrase. The verb does not follow</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> '</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to'</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></LI></OL> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I must<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">go shopping</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>this afternoon.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">My boss<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">lets<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"> </SPAN>me<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"> leave early</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN>on Fridays.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An infinitive clause can act as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">A noun clause - the <SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0">subject</SPAN> or <SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0">object</SPAN> of a sentence answering the question 'who?' or 'what?'</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">She helped</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to write the report</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">Her job as a coach is</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to teach language skills</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraph style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An adjective clause modifies the noun, giving more information about it. These clauses give an opinion or a purpose for the noun.</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">I don't have time</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to go to the meeting</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">. </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[modifies 'time']</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial,Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">John wants a book</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to read</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">. </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[modifies 'book']</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">An adverbial clause<SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>adds information to the main clause, answering questions such as 'when?', 'where?', 'why?', 'with what goal?' and 'under what conditions?' </SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-add-space: auto"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">John was invited</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to speak</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">at the conference</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial,Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[tells us why he was invited]</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">Jeremy is keen</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">to improve his grammar</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">.<SPAN style="COLOR: #353535"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #353535; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt">&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt">&nbsp;</P></html>
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