Next revision Previous revision en:grammar:conditional:the_third_conditional [2016/10/19 12:01] – créée kim en:grammar:conditional:the_third_conditional [2023/02/14 14:32] – external edit 127.0.0.1
======Third conditional====== ======Third conditional====== =====Introduction===== =====Introduction===== <html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/503_c2b4060a9e378596969e29022f4d1f57.png" rel="image_show"><img width="275" height="182" id="503" style="width: 149px; height: 97px;" alt="bus stop mobile phone waiting subway transport station coach wait" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/503_c2b4060a9e378596969e29022f4d1f57.png"></a> <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>If I' <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">d taken </span>an earlier train, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">wouldn't have been</span> late for my meeting.</strong></span><br></p></html> <html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/503_c2b4060a9e378596969e29022f4d1f57.png" rel="image_show"><img width="275" height="182" id="503" style="width: 149px; height: 97px;" alt="bus stop mobile phone waiting subway transport station coach wait" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/503_c2b4060a9e378596969e29022f4d1f57.png"></a> <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>If I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">had taken</span> an earlier train, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">would not have been</span> late for my meeting.</strong></span><br></p></html> =====Definition===== =====Definition===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";" ><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The third conditional refers to hypothetical events in the past. The condition is impossible to fulfil or the speaker does not know if it was fulfilled.</span></b></p> <br></html> <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The third conditional refers to hypothetical events in the past. The condition is impossible to fulfil or the speaker does not know if it was fulfilled.</span></b></p> <br></html> =====Construction===== =====Construction===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt ;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If + past perfect (simple or continuous) + past perfect modal + past participle</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The 'if ' clause and the main clause can be either positive or negative .</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>As with all conditionals, either clause can come first. When the 'if' clause is first, it is followed by a comma. </span></b></p> <br></html> <html> <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="258" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font ><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Construction</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="212" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 127.05pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt ;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif ; ;'>Time reference</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman "> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b ><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Example</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; ;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="258" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 154.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If + past perfect, +modal* + 'have' + past participle</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font ><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>* see note below</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt ;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif ; font-size: 10pt; ;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman "> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="212" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b ><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>past condition +past result</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; '> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If the sun <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">had shone</span>, people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">would have been </span>happier .</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tbody></table ><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt ;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>As with all conditionals, the 'if' clause can come first or second . When it comes first, it is followed by a comma. </span></b></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;" ><br></p ></html> =====Uses and examples===== =====Uses and examples===== <html><p> <br></p><table width="439" style="margin: auto auto auto 5.4pt; border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1056; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt ; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="108" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";" ><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Use</span></b></p> </td> <td width="331" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom -alt: solid windowtext .5pt ; mso-border-right -alt: solid #4F81BD 1 .0pt ;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";" ><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Examples</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 41.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="108" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65pt; height: 41.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";" ><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><strong>Blame </strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/421_7318fff4fbbf55482ce4447ef5a4f79a.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="480" height="422" id="421" style="width: 121px; height: 84px;" alt="car with dent snow ice crash" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/421_7318fff4fbbf55482ce4447ef5a4f79a.jpg"></a></span></p> </td> <td width="331" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7cm; height: 41.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom -alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right -alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";" ><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";" ><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>I <span style="color: