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--- en:grammar:conditional:the_zero_conditional [2017/02/13 15:54] – [Zero conditional] kim
+++ en:grammar:conditional:the_zero_conditional [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 =====Construction=====
-<html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>'If' + present + present</span></b></p> <br></html>
+<html> <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br></p><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="258" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Construction</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="212" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 127.05pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Time reference</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Example</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; ;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="258" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 154.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>'if' + present, + present</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: red; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="212" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>any time condition + any time result</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If the sun <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">shines</span>, people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are</span> happier.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>As with all conditionals, the 'if' clause can come first or second. When it comes first, it is followed by a comma. </span></b></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br></p></html>
 =====Uses=====
-<html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Zero conditional sentences are used to talk about general truths and facts, not about individual, specific situations.</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="304" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;'>Use</span></b></p> </td> <td width="470" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 281.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;'>Examples</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Scientific facts</span></b></p> </td> <td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>If you add salt to water, it boils more quickly.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Universal truths</span></b></p> </td> <td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>People put on weight if they eat too much.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Things that happen regularly</span></b></p> </td> <td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>If I leave home at 8 o' clock, I arrive at work at 9 o'clock.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that</span></b><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> because the result is always the same, we can use 'when' as an alternative to 'if'. We also sometimes use 'whenever', especially for things that happen regularly:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>If/when people don't drink, they get thirsty.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>If/when/whenever he's late for work, his boss gets angry.</span></b></p><p> <br></p><p> <b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Present continuous</span></b></p><p> <b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We can also use the present continuous:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If it's raining, people carry umbrellas.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'></span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If people are carrying umbrellas, it's probably raining.</span></b></p><p> <br></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Imperative </span></b></p><p> <b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Whenever you're tired, take a break.&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>When I'm working, don't disturb me.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></p><p> <br></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Modals </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Some modal verbs might be used in the main clause.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.4pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If you go to another country, you should try to speak the language.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.4pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>You can get a refund if the plane is delayed.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.4pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'></span></b><br></p></html>
+<html><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Zero conditional sentences are used to talk about general truths and facts, not about individual, specific situations.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></p><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Use</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="470" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 281.8pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Examples</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Scientific facts</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">add</span> salt to water, it <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">boils</span> more quickly.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Universal truths</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>People <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">put</span> on weight if they<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> ea</span>t too much.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; ;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="304" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 182.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Things that happen regularly</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><td width="470" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 281.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If </span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'>I</span></b><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> leave</span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> home at 8.00, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">arrive</span> at work at 9.00.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tr><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Note that</span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'> because the result is always the same, we can use 'when' as an alternative to 'if'. We also sometimes use 'whenever', especially for things that happen regularly:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>If/when people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">don't drink</span>, they <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">get</span> thirsty.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>If/when/whenever he'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s</span> late for work, his boss <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">gets </span>angry.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br></p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Present continuous</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We can also use the present continuous:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If it'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s raining</span>, people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">carry</span> umbrellas.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are carrying</span> umbrellas, it'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s</span> probably <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">raining</span>.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Imperative </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Whenever you'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">re</span> tired, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">take</span> a break.&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>When I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">m working</span>, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">don't disturb</span> me.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><span style="color: red;"></span></span></b><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">go</span> to Paris, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">visit </span>the Louvre.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; ;'>Modals</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Some modal verbs might be used in the main clause.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">go</span> to another country, you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">should try</span> to speak the language.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'>You <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">can get</span> a refund if the plane <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is</span> delayed.</span></b></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'></span></b></p></html>
 =====Zero or first conditional?=====
-<html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The first conditional is used for real, likely events. Compare these two sentences:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.25pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If I leave home at 8.00, I arrive at 9.00. [this refers to every time I leave at 8.00]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.25pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If I leave home at 8.00, I'll arrive at 9.00. [this refers to a specific occasion in the future]</span></b></p> <br></html>
+<html> <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The first conditional is used for real, likely events. Compare these two sentences:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.25pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">leave</span> home at 8.00, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">arrive </span>at 9.00. [this refers to every time I leave at 8.00]</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.25pt;"><b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>If I leave home at 8.00, I'll arrive at 9.00. [this refers to a specific occasion in the future]</span></b></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br></p></html>
 =====Examples=====
-<html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/444_6634826d0daef75ad5b5ee1fe05c891a.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="479" height="311" id="444" style="width: 121px; height: 102px;" alt="Fire alarm" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/444_6634826d0daef75ad5b5ee1fe05c891a.jpg"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b style=";"><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; ;'>The alarm goes off&nbsp;if there's a fire.</span></b> </p><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/543_458b5b7491b2213988d3f7d2a4550129.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="282" height="424" id="543" style="width: 106px; height: 131px;" alt="girl, rain, park, child, weather, wet, rainy, outdoor summer jump fille pluie" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/543_458b5b7491b2213988d3f7d2a4550129.jpg"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>Only children go in the garden if it's raining. </strong></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/526_b66020485bb75e91ed66a3fe30453272.png" rel="image_show"><img width="254" height="252" id="526" style="width: 118px; height: 106px;" alt="meeting, Japanese" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/526_b66020485bb75e91ed66a3fe30453272.png"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>When you work with people from other countries, you might have to do things differently.</strong></span></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/582_cab626316124b79e7be62c94d5bcb2a2.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="425" height="281" id="582" style="width: 117px; height: 95px;" alt="girl, eating, yoghurt manger child enfant" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/582_cab626316124b79e7be62c94d5bcb2a2.jpg"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>If she's eating then she's getting better.&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span></span></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/4444_8451c1c22d593c25e730734aa6430c12.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="563" height="435" id="4444" style="width: 124px; height: 118px;" alt="London England Beefeater Tower tour" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/4444_8451c1c22d593c25e730734aa6430c12.jpg"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>If you visit London, don't miss the Beefeaters at the Tower of London.</strong></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <br></p></html>
+<html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/444_6634826d0daef75ad5b5ee1fe05c891a.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="479" height="311" id="444" style="width: 103px; height: 81px;" alt="Fire alarm" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/444_6634826d0daef75ad5b5ee1fe05c891a.jpg"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>The alarm <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">goes off</span> whenever there'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s</span> a fire.</strong></span></p><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/543_458b5b7491b2213988d3f7d2a4550129.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="282" height="424" id="543" style="width: 106px; height: 131px;" alt="girl, rain, park, child, weather, wet, rainy, outdoor summer jump fille pluie" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/543_458b5b7491b2213988d3f7d2a4550129.jpg"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>Only children <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">go</span> in the garden if it'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s</span> raining.</strong>&nbsp;</span><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong> </strong></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/526_b66020485bb75e91ed66a3fe30453272.png" rel="image_show"><img width="254" height="252" id="526" style="width: 110px; height: 97px;" alt="meeting, Japanese" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/526_b66020485bb75e91ed66a3fe30453272.png"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>When you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">work</span> with people from other countries, you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">might have to do</span> things differently.</strong></span></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/582_cab626316124b79e7be62c94d5bcb2a2.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="425" height="281" id="582" style="width: 99px; height: 85px;" alt="girl, eating, yoghurt manger child enfant" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/582_cab626316124b79e7be62c94d5bcb2a2.jpg"></a>&nbsp; <span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>If she'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s eating</span> then she'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s getting </span>better.</strong>&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>.&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span></span></span></p><p><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/4444_8451c1c22d593c25e730734aa6430c12.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="563" height="435" id="4444" style="width: 101px; height: 96px;" alt="London England Beefeater Tower tour" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/4444_8451c1c22d593c25e730734aa6430c12.jpg"></a>&nbsp;<span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'><strong>If you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">visit</span> London, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">don't miss</span> the Beefeaters at the Tower of London.</strong></span></span></span></span></span></p><p></p></html>
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