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en:grammar:conjunctions_and_connectors:conjunctions_linking_words_and_expressoins [2017/02/15 09:56] – [Formal and informal] kimen:grammar:conjunctions_and_connectors:conjunctions_linking_words_and_expressoins [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-=====Word order===== +[[en:grammar:home|{{ :file_-_back_3_.png?150 }}]]
-<html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The conjunctions <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">and</span>, <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">but</span>, <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">or</span>, <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">because</span> and <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">so </span>are usually placed in the middle of a sentence but can also be used to begin a sentence, especially in informal writing:<!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>It's very quiet in the office at the moment <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">because</span> so many people are on holiday.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Because</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> so many people are on holiday, it's very quiet in the office at the moment.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>With <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">and</span>, <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">but</span>, <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">or </span>and<span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"> so</span>,<span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"> </span>there is a sense of a pause before emphasising something:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>We need to find new premises. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">And</span> we need to employ two new managers!</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>It's a serious problem. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">But</span>, don't worry - I think I have a solution.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>We could invite everyone to the meeting. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">Or</span> maybe we should limit it to team leaders.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>It's getting nearer to the deadline. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">So</span>, let's work hard to get it finished.</span></b></p> <p><br>&nbsp;</p></html> +
-=====Examples===== +
-<html><p><img height="151" id="1817" style="width: 116px; height: 95px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1817_b648d256bacfb805794cf370ca92b3f8.jpg">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>The meeting went on for four hours, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">thanks to </span>Julia and all her questions!<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> </span></strong></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><img height="98" id="255" style="width: 112px; height: 87px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/255_13b1faa16d7971689d5bfe4bdcb84303.jpg">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Once </span><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000">I'd found somewhere to live in the city, I was able to start looking for a job.</font></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><img height="224" id="394" style="width: 101px; height: 143px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/394_fbf77ab960961e4b730696cb03838bd4.jpg">&nbsp; <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000">My boss wants me to do all these routine tasks </font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">when</span><font color="#000000"> I could be doing something much more useful.</font></span></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><br></p></html> +
-=====Connectors===== +
-<html><img height="91" id="349" style="width: 135px; height: 82px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/349_73c64d4e1e38c9ac259848c4fa20cadb.png">&nbsp;&nbsp; <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The situation is very serious. The client is putting us under pressure to finish sooner than agreed. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Furthermore</span>, the project is already over budget.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>These connectors form a link between ideas <u>in two sentences</u>:<u> <!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--></u></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="text-decoration: none;"></span></span></u></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>We did extremely well last year. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">However</span>, there is still a lot of work to be done. </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>They are different from conjunctions which link two parts of <u>one sentence</u>:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We did extremely well last year <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">but </span>there's still a lot of work to be done. </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma but they can also go in the middle or at the end of the second sentence.</span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We did extremely well last year. There is, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">however</span>, still a lot of work to be done.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We did extremely well last year. There is still a lot of work to be done, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">however</span>.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In t<span style="color: black;">his way, the connector is like a </span><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">non-defining relative clause </span>- if we remove it, the sentence still has a clear meaning. </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>For these reasons, the following structures are incorrect:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-highlight: yellow;'></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>We did extremely well last year however there is still a lot of work to be done.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img height="150" id="40" style="width: 21px; height: 16px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><strong><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>We did extremely well last year, however there is still a lot of work to be done.&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><img height="150" id="40" style="width: 21px; height: 15px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" rel="image_show"></a></span></p></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><br></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b><br></p></html> +
-=====Uses===== +
-<html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In conversation and written texts, they help us understand a sequence of ideas.<span style="color: fuchsia;"></span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Here are some common examples. </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>the expressions which are grouped together are not all synonymous and interchangeable. For exact meanings of these and the following examples, refer to a good dictionary.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Connector</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5cm;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Use</span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Examples</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Therefore</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To mean 'so' or 'for that reason'</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Both companies are on holiday in August. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Therefore</span>, I suggest postponing the meeting until September.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>However</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-image: none; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To mean 'but' or 'despite this'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We've lost two big clients recently. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">However</span>, I'm sure that we can replace them.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Nevertheless</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Nonetheless</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Even so </span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To mean 'despite something previously mentioned'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>There have been some delays. We intend, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">nevertheless</span>, to meet the deadline.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I know it's difficult to find the right person for this job. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Even so</span>, I think we should keep trying.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Furthermore</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>What is more</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Moreover</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-image: none; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To add similar information, maybe something that is more important<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Our profits have increased by 15% this year. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Moreover</span>, our plans for expanding into Asia are going well.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Conversely</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>On the other hand</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In contrast</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To introduce an opposite idea<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Most Americans are uncomfortable with long periods of silence. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Conversely</span>, the Japanese like to think before replying.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Consequently </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-image: none; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To mean 'as a result'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It is difficult for young people to get a mortgage nowadays. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Consequently</span>, they are living at home with their parents for longer.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td width="130" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.55pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Meanwhile</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="189" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5cm; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To mean 'until a certain time' or 'while something else is happening'</span></b></p></td><td width="297" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 222.8pt; background-color: transparent;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We will have to wait for the results of the initial investigation. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Meanwhile</span>, we need to plan the next stage.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Charles is developing new contacts in Asia. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Meanwhile</span>, the rest of the team is focusing on Eastern Europe. </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b>&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Here are some more examples:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td width="218" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: none; width: 163.4pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Equally </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>For example </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>For instance </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>As a result </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Likewise<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>In the same way</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'></span></b></p></td><td width="199" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 149.35pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Similarly</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>If not</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>If so</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Otherwise</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>That is (to say)</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Alternatively</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td><td width="199" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 149.35pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>In this case</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>In particular</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>In other words</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In addition</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>As a result</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><p><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The word 'however' is also an adverb with a completely different meaning - 'by whatever means' or 'it doesn't matter to what degree'. <!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>this word doesn't use the same construction as the conjunction and so it can be found at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence without commas. For example:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>However you present your argument, I don't think they'll agree with you.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>I want to be the manager of this department however long it takes.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>He just can't play the piano however hard he tries.</span></b></p></span><p><br></p></html>+