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en:grammar:gerunds_and_infinitives:verbs_and_expressions:further_information [2017/02/03 15:14] marieen:grammar:gerunds_and_infinitives:verbs_and_expressions:further_information [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 <html><P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">In the passive, 'need' can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with the same meaning:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 239.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=319> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This office needs <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">cleaning</SPAN> every morning.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This computer will need <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">replacing</SPAN> soon.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The seminar needed <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">organising</SPAN> better than that.</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 239.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=319> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This office needs <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>cleaned every morning.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This computer will need <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>replaced soon.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The seminar needed <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>organised better than that.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></html> <html><P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">In the passive, 'need' can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with the same meaning:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 239.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=319> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This office needs <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">cleaning</SPAN> every morning.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This computer will need <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">replacing</SPAN> soon.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The seminar needed <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">organising</SPAN> better than that.</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 239.4pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=319> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This office needs <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>cleaned every morning.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">This computer will need <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>replaced soon.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The seminar needed <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">to be </SPAN>organised better than that.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></html>
 =====Expressions with gerunds===== =====Expressions with gerunds=====
-<html><P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Some expressions, including several with 'have', take a gerund. For example:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 203.85pt" vAlign=top width=272> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 274.95pt" vAlign=top width=367> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Expression + gerund</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 203.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=272> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have a problem/problems/no problem</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have difficulty/no difficulty</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have a good/great/lovely time etc.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To spend time</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To waste time</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To look forward to</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To be/get used to</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 274.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=367> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We had problems <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">installing</SPAN> the new desks.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I had no problem <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">finding</SPAN> a hotel.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I had difficulty <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">connecting</SPAN> to the conference.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We had a great time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">skiing</SPAN> in the Alps.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We spent all day <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">interviewing</SPAN> candidates.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I spend most of my free time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">cycling</SPAN> or <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">playing</SPAN> tennis.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Don't waste time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">explaining</SPAN> to him - he never listens.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I'm looking forward to <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">working</SPAN> with the new boss.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I was nervous at first but I'm getting used to <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">giving</SPAN> presentations now.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Others which include a verb related to location or position also take a gerund. Here are a few examples: </SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90.45pt" vAlign=top width=121> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 388.35pt" vAlign=top width=518> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Expression and 'verb of location' + gerund</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90.45pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=121> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To sit</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To stand</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To stay</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To lie</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 388.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=518> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He's sitting in the living room <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">watching</SPAN> TV.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">He stood on the corner <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">talking</SPAN> to his friends.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I stayed in the office <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">waiting </SPAN>for his call.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I lay on the beach <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">reading</SPAN> every afternoon</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></html>+<html><P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Some expressions, including several with 'have', take a gerund. For example:</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <TABLE style="BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 203.85pt" vAlign=top width=272> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BACKGROUND: #5b9bd5; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 274.95pt" vAlign=top width=367> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Expression + gerund</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 203.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=272> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have a problem/problems/no problem</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have difficulty/no difficulty</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To have a good/great/lovely time etc.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To spend time</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To waste time</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To look forward to</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">To be/get used to</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-TOP: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #5b9bd5 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 274.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=367> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We had problems <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">installing</SPAN> the new desks.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I had no problem <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">finding</SPAN> a hotel.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I had difficulty <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">connecting</SPAN> to the conference.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We had a great time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">skiing</SPAN> in the Alps.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">We spent all day <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">interviewing</SPAN> candidates.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I spend most of my free time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">cycling</SPAN> or <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">playing</SPAN> tennis.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">Don't waste time <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">explaining</SPAN> to him - he never listens.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I'm looking forward to <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">working</SPAN> with the new boss.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">I was nervous at first but I'm getting used to <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">giving</SPAN> presentations now.</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">&nbsp;</SPAN></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><br><br></html>
 =====Gerunds as nouns with possessives===== =====Gerunds as nouns with possessives=====
 <html><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Gerunds, because they are <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">nouns</span>, can be used with possessives:&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(112, 173, 71); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The audience loved <u>Paul's</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">acting</span> - he gave a great performance.<span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"> </span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It is possible to use a </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>possessive adjective</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> or an </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>object pronoun</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> - it depends whether the focus is on the subject or the activity. Sometimes, there is very little difference: </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She objected to <u>his</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>in the house<span style="color: black;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>[emphasis on the 'smoking'] </span><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"></span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She objected to <u>him</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> in the house. [slight emphasis on the person discussed]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>But the following sentence is clearly about the person - the speaker may have no objection to smoking generally but isn't happy that her son is doing it.</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>My son is only 16 and I don't like <u>him</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>. </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>And in this situation, the focus is so clearly on the person that the use of a possessive is incorrect:</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I saw his smoking in the office.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I saw him <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">smoking</span> in the office. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The possessive is also incorrect when t<span style="color: black;">he noun is plural, collective or abstract:</span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>William was surprised by his </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>colleagues' buying <span style="color: black;">him a gift.&nbsp; </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>William was surprised by his <u>colleagues</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>buying</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> him a gift.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The crowd's getting bigger and bigger was quite frightening.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The <u>crowd</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">getting</span> bigger and bigger was quite frightening.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;'> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It's a question of quality's being more important than price.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It's a question of <u>quality</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being</span> more important than price. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><br></p></html> <html><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Gerunds, because they are <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">nouns</span>, can be used with possessives:&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(112, 173, 71); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The audience loved <u>Paul's</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">acting</span> - he gave a great performance.<span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"> </span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It is possible to use a </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>possessive adjective</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> or an </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>object pronoun</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> - it depends whether the focus is on the subject or the activity. Sometimes, there is very little difference: </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She objected to <u>his</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>in the house<span style="color: black;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>[emphasis on the 'smoking'] </span><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"></span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She objected to <u>him</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> in the house. [slight emphasis on the person discussed]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>But the following sentence is clearly about the person - the speaker may have no objection to smoking generally but isn't happy that her son is doing it.</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>My son is only 16 and I don't like <u>him</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>smoking</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>. </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>And in this situation, the focus is so clearly on the person that the use of a possessive is incorrect:</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I saw his smoking in the office.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I saw him <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">smoking</span> in the office. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The possessive is also incorrect when t<span style="color: black;">he noun is plural, collective or abstract:</span></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>William was surprised by his </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>colleagues' buying <span style="color: black;">him a gift.&nbsp; </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>William was surprised by his <u>colleagues</u> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>buying</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> him a gift.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The crowd's getting bigger and bigger was quite frightening.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The <u>crowd</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">getting</span> bigger and bigger was quite frightening.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;'> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It's a question of quality's being more important than price.&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="149" id="40" style="width: 18px; height: 13px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It's a question of <u>quality</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being</span> more important than price. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><img height="111" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 17px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><br></p></html>