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--- en:grammar:relative_pronouns:further_information [2017/03/01 07:59] – [Relative pronouns: further information] kim
+++ en:grammar:relative_pronouns:further_information [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =====Nominal relative clauses =====
 <html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>These are a kind of noun clause. They have a 'wh' word at the beginning and are found as subjects or objects in various kinds of sentences. <!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Here are some examples:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>'wh' + infinitive is used after some verbs, including the following:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I don't know <u><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">where</span> to have the meeting</u> or <u><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> to invite</u>. </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She informed him <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> to contact about the changes.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>They advised us <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">where</span> to park.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>When we introduce something with the verb 'to be':</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>This is <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">where</span> I'd love to live.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>This is <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> I've invited.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In questions:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Do you know <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">where</span> to put it?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Sentences that imply a question or a lack of information:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I wonder <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> that is.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I asked her <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">where</span> I could find a bank.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>As a subject:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Where </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>we're going to launch the new product has still to be decided.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>we can also make these kinds of sentences with 'what' and 'how'. For example:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I found out what to do with these - let me explain.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She warned us what to expect if we didn't take action immediately.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>He told us how to fix it.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>That isn't what I meant.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Here's what I've prepared so far.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>This isn't how we usually do it.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Can you remember what he said?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>What<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> </span>we learned at the seminar was really useful.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>When we want to be emphatic, we use a noun clause at the beginning of a sentence as a subject:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <table width="558" style="margin: auto auto auto 40.85pt; border: currentColor; width: 418.15pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="308" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;"> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>Emphatic</span></b></p></td> <td width="249" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 187.1pt;"> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>Neutral</span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="308" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>What I like most about him is his honesty.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>What I need right now is a strong cup of coffee and some chocolate.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>What<span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"> </span>I hated about that job was the long journey every morning.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>Where</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'> I'd really like to go this year is the US.</span></b></p></td> <td width="249" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 187.1pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>I like his honesty most.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>I need a strong cup of coffee and some chocolate.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>I hated the long journey every morning in that job.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>I'd really like to go to the US this year.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="ecxmsonormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p><br></p></html>
+=====Reduced relative clauses =====
+<html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>Reduced relative clauses </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>To make certain relative clauses more succinct, we leave out both the pronoun and the verb. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="224" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.45pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; ; mso-themecolor: background1;'>&nbsp;</span></p> </td> <td width="248" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 148.8pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Full sentence</span></b></p> </td> <td width="279" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 167.55pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; ; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Reduced sentence</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="224" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 134.45pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>With a present participle</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> <td width="248" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 148.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> are working on this project are the best in their field.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> weren't working on this project didn't have to attend the meeting.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> <td width="279" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 167.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The people <u>working</u> on this project are the best in their field.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The people <u>not working</u> on this project didn't have to attend the meeting.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="224" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 134.45pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>With a past participle</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> <td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 148.8pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We ordered the equipment <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">that</span> was needed for the job.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We can sell any equipment <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">that </span>isn't needed.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> <td width="279" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 167.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We ordered the equipment <u>needed</u> for the job.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We can sell any equipment <u>not needed</u>.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="224" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 134.45pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>With some adjectives </span></b></p> </td> <td width="248" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 148.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The assistant <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> is responsible for booking appointments is really efficient. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Can you send a copy of the minutes to all those who were not present? </span></b></p> </td> <td width="279" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 167.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The assistant <u>responsible</u> for booking appointments is really efficient. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Can you send a copy of the minutes to all those <u>not present</u>?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; ;"> <td width="224" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.45pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>With a preposition</span></b></p> </td> <td width="248" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 148.8pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Can you look at those files <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">that</span> are on the desk?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Everyone <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> was at the conference got a free sample.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> </td> <td width="279" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 167.55pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Can you look at those files <u>on</u> the desk?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Everyone <u>at</u> the conference got a free sample.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Note that </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><font color="#0000cc">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font>1.&nbsp; The participles remain the same whether we are talking about the past, present or future.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>The use of present participles can represent either a simple or continuous tense. For example:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;We used the laptops which belong to the IT department.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We used the laptops <u>belonging</u> to the IT department.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anyone who wants to attend needs to apply before the end of the day.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Anyone <u>wanting</u> to attend needs to apply before the end of the day.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Sometimes there is either a 'simple' or 'continuous' meaning.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.9pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Passengers <u>arriving</u> from the EU need to queue here.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.9pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>= </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-themecolor: text1;'>Passengers who arrive from the EU... [all the time, regularly]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.9pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-themecolor: text1;'>or</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.9pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>= Passengers who are arriving from the EU... [at the moment]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style=";"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br></span></span></u></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>We can also reduce relative clauses that use the verb 'to have':</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>They're experts <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">who</span> have unique knowledge of this topic.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>They're experts <u>with</u> unique knowledge of this topic.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;It's a company <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">which</span> has branches nationwide.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>&nbsp;It's a company with branches nationwide.</span></b></p><p> <br></p><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/5784_afebfd14841095342ce2c845fccf2892.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="365" height="391" id="5785" style="width: 130px; height: 95px;" alt="Denmark Danish" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/5784_afebfd14841095342ce2c845fccf2892.jpg"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ;'>Denmark has the best work-life balance of the 20 OECD countries <u>studied</u>.</span></b></p><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/12_05b699a0e6ddeffefef079810fd7f2fd.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="237" height="263" id="12" style="width: 140px; height: 148px;" alt="meeting, people réunion team équipe" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/12_05b699a0e6ddeffefef079810fd7f2fd.jpg"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ;'><strong>We called an urgent meeting for all those <u>involved</u> in the project.</strong></span><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/12_05b699a0e6ddeffefef079810fd7f2fd.jpg" rel="image_show"></a></p><p></p></html>
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