These verbs can be used in any tense, or with modal verbs, according to the usual rules. It is important to learn whether they are followed by the bare infinitive or the infinitive with ‘to’.
These verbs can be used in any tense, or with modal verbs, according to the usual rules. It is important to learn whether they are followed by the bare infinitive or the infinitive with ‘to’.
<note>Note that some passive forms are also possible.For example:\\
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|:::||**Subject + causative verb + object + bare infinitive**|
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* //At school, we <color blue>were made to eat</color> all our vegetables.//
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| **let**\\ **have**\\ **make** | to [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/allow|allow]] something to [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/happen|happen]] by not preventing it, or by giving [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/permission|permission]].\\ To arrange for someone to do something\\ To compel someone to do something | My boss lets me leave early. I’m letting my hair grow long.\\ I’ll have my assistant send you a copy.\\ They should make him pay for the damage. |
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* //All visitors <color blue>are required to show</color> a valid form of ID.//
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</note>
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|** permit/allow**\\ **get**\\ **force**\\ **require** **want / would like ** | ** ** ** ** **to give permission to someone to do something -- more formal than ‘let’; often used in the passive** ** ** ** ** **to arrange for or persuade someone to do something** ** ** **to compel someone to do something; stronger than ‘make’, often implying violence or strong pressure** ** ** **to [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/order|order]] someone to do something, especially because of a [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/rule|rule]] or [[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/law|law]]** ** ** **to wish for something to happen** | **Subject + causative verb + object + infinitive** ** ** **The company permits all staff __to__ take unpaid leave in the winter.** ** ** **They allow their children __to__ stay out later at the weekend.** ** ** **I got my colleagues __to__ help me.** ** ** ** ** **The robbers forced the bank staff __to__ hand over the money.** ** ** ** ** ** ** **The airline requires all passengers __to__ check in two hours before the flight.** ** ** ** ** **Gina wants Helen __to__ help her.** **[Gina wants that I help her.** **]** ** ** **Would** **you like me __to__ come with you?** **[Would you like that I come with you?** **]** ** ** |
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| ** ** ** ** ** ** **help** | ** ** ** ** ** ** **to make it possible or easier for someone to do something** ** ** | **Subject + ‘help’ + object + bare infinitive __or__ infinitive** ** ** **She helped me (to) carry the bags. [more common without ‘to’]** |
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<note>Note that some passive forms are also possible.\\ For example: At school, we <color blue>were made to eat</color> all our vegetables.\\ All visitors <color blue>are required to show</color> a valid form of ID.</note>
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===== Uses =====
===== Uses =====
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These are very similar but ‘get’ is more informal. Also, there can be a subtle difference in the meaning. ‘Have’ often means that someone uses their authority in order to make something happen:
These are very similar but ‘get’ is more informal. Also, there can be a subtle difference in the meaning. ‘Have’ often means that someone uses their authority in order to make something happen:
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* //The manager <color blue>had</color> the technician <color blue>fix</color> the problem right away.//
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The manager <color blue>had</color> the technician <color blue>fix</color> the problem right away.
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And ‘get’ can suggest an element of persuasion.
And ‘get’ can suggest an element of persuasion.
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* //I <color blue>got</color> Kevin to <color blue>represent</color> me at the meeting.//
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I <color blue>got</color> Kevin to <color blue>represent</color> me at the meeting.
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===== To have/get something done =====
===== To have/get something done =====
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=== Construction ===
=== Construction ===
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|‘to have’/’to get’ |+| object |+| past participle|
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|‘to have’/’to get’ | object + past participle |
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|to have/get|| the windows|| cleaned|
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|to have/get| the windows cleaned |
‘Have’ and ‘get’ mean the same but ‘get’ is more informal. There are other subtle differences between them. This form has various uses – here are some examples:
‘Have’ and ‘get’ mean the same but ‘get’ is more informal. There are other subtle differences between them. This form has various uses – here are some examples:
^Uses ^Examples^
^Uses ^Examples^
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|Solving a problem|I need to <color blue>have - get</color> my brakes fixed.|
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|Solving a problem|I need to <color blue>have/get</color> my brakes fixed.|
|Paying someone to do something|We <color blue>had the</color> new ingredient <color blue>tested</color> and <color blue>certified</color>. [‘had’ is more common in the past]|
|Paying someone to do something|We <color blue>had the</color> new ingredient <color blue>tested</color> and <color blue>certified</color>. [‘had’ is more common in the past]|
|When something negative happens, not arranged by us|I <color blue>had</color> my car <color blue>stolen</color> last week.|
|When something negative happens, not arranged by us|I <color blue>had</color> my car <color blue>stolen</color> last week.|