Next revision Previous revision fr:gramatica_es:sustantivos_y_adjetivos:los_sustantivos:el_sustantivo [2016/10/19 10:18] – créée cintia fr:gramatica_es:sustantivos_y_adjetivos:los_sustantivos:el_sustantivo [2023/02/14 14:32] – external edit 127.0.0.1
normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> ====Le genre des choses==== = ====Le genre des choses= ====<html><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin -left:35.45pt;mso -add-space:auto; <html><! --[if gte mso 9 ]><xml > <o :OfficeDocumentSettings > <o :AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings > </xml ><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES" >En espagnol tous les noms ont un genre, text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><! [if !supportLists ]><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol' ><span style='mso-list :Ignore' >· <span style='font :7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> < /span ></span ></span ><![endif]>En espagnol tous les noms ont toujours un genre, qui peut être masculin ou féminin ; il n’y a pas de noms neutres. Il est qui peut être masculin ou féminin ; il n’y a pas de noms neutres. Il est très important de savoir si un nom est masculin ou féminin car tous les très important de savoir si un nom est masculin ou féminin car tous les éléments qui réfèrent à lui (articles, adjectifs, démonstratifs,…) doivent éléments qui se réfèrent à lui (articles, adjectifs, démonstratifs,…) doivent avoir le même genre.</p> avoir le même genre.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>généralement text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>généralement masculins en -<span class=SpellE>aje</span> et -or<o:p></o:p></b></p> masculin en -<span class=SpellE>aje</span> et -or<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </td> <td width=307 valign=top style='width:230.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; <td width=307 valign=top style='width:230.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>féminins text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>féminin en -<span class=SpellE>ción</span>, -<span class=SpellE>sión</span>, -<span en -<span class=SpellE>ción</span>, -<span class=SpellE>sión</span>, -<span class=SpellE>dad</span> et -<span class=SpellE>tad</span><o:p></o:p></b></p> class=SpellE>dad</span> et -<span class=SpellE>tad</span><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin -left:35.45pt;mso -add-space:auto; <! --[if gte mso 9 ]><xml > <o :OfficeDocumentSettings > <o :AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings > </xml ><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES" >Dans le reste des cas, nous ne pouvons pas text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><! [if !supportLists ]><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol' ><span style='mso-list :Ignore' >· <span style='font :7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> < /span ></span ></span ><![endif]>Dans le reste des cas, nous ne pouvons pas savoir le genre à cause de la forme du mot. Le dictionnaire indique toujours le savoir le genre à cause de la forme du mot. Le dictionnaire indique toujours le genre de chaque nom.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p> genre de chaque nom.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p>
normal'> <o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> normal'> <o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> ====Le genre des personnes et des animaux==== = ====Le genre des personnes et des animaux= ====<html><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; <html> mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Les noms qui désignent des personnes et des animaux ont généralement deux formes: une masculine et une autre féminine.</p ><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text -align :justify ;text-indent :-18.0pt; <ul> mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1' ><![if !supportLists] ><span style=' font-family:Symbol; <li>Les noms qui désignent des personnes et des animaux ont mso -fareast -font-family :Symbol ;mso -bidi-font-family :Symbol' ><span généralement deux formes: une masculine et une autre féminine.</li> style='mso-list:Ignore' >· <span style=' font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"' > </ul> </span></span ></span ><![endif] >Généralement, si le masculin finit par -o , le <ul> féminin finit par -a.</p> <li>Généralement, si le masculin finit par -o, le féminin finit par -a.</li> </ul> <p class=" MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin -left :141.6pt ;text-align :justify"><i>un chico </i ><i ><span style=" font-family:Wingdings">à</span> una chica</i></p> <ul> <li>Si le masculin finit par une consonne, le féminin se forme en ajoutant un -a.</li> </ul> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin -left :141.6pt ;text -align :justify" ><i>un doctor </i><i ><span style=" font-family :Wingdings ">à </span> una doctora </i ></p > <ul > <li>Avec <b>certains</b> noms qui finissent par -e , le féminin se forme avec un -a.</li> </ul> < p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify" ><i><span <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: lang ="ES" >el presidente </span></i><i><span style=" font-family:Wingdings" >à</span></i ><i ><span auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Un <span class =SpellE >chico </span> </i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal' ><span style=' font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type: symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings' >à</span></span > <span class=SpellE >una </ span> chica<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class =MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; lang ="ES" > la presidenta </span ></i ></p> mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1' ><![if !supportLists] ><span style='font-family:Symbol; <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin -left :141.6pt;text-align :justify "><i ><span mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol' ><span style='mso -list :Ignore'>·<span style='font :7.0pt "Times New Roman"' > </span ></ span></span><![endif]>Si le masculin finit par une consonne, le féminin se forme en ajoutant un -a.</p> <p class =MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: lang ="ES ">el jefe </span></i><i><span style=" font-family:Wingdings" >à</span></i><i><span auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Un <span class=SpellE>doctor</span> </i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type: symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span> <span class=SpellE>una</span> <span class=SpellE>doctora</span><o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman "' > </span></span></span><![endif]>Avec <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>certains</b> noms qui finissent par -e, le féminin se forme avec un -a.<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>El presidente </span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> la presidenta<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>El jefe </span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal' ><span style=' font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings' >à</span> </span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal' ><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> la jefa<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> lang="ES"> la jefa</span></i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>:<o:p></o:p></b></p> normal'> :<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style=' text-align:justify' ><b style=' mso-bidi-font-weight: </b></p> <p class=" MsoNormal" style=" text-align:justify" ><b style=" mso-bidi-font-weight: normal" ><span style=" mso-ansi -language:ES "><span style ="mso-spacerun :yes" ><img alt ="" src=" http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" align ="none "></span ></span></b ><span style=" mso-ansi-language : ES" lang="ES" >Dans certains cas, nous avons un mot normal' ><span style=' mso-fareast -language:FR;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype différent pour chaque genre. </p> id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f "> <v:stroke joinstyle ="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:28.5pt;height:28.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style :square' > <v:imagedata src ="Traduction%20Le%20nom_fichiers/image001.wmz " o:title="MC900339198[1]"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=38 height=38 src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes ="Imagen_x0020_12 "><![endif] ></span><span style=' mso-spacerun :yes'> </span></b >Dans certains cas, nous avons un mot différent pour chaque genre: </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_14"><![endif]></span></b><span src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_14"><![endif]></span></b><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Il y a des mots avec des terminaisons style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Il y a des mots avec des terminaisons spéciales pour le féminin: </p> spéciales pour le féminin. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_13"><![endif]></span></b><span src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_13"><![endif]></span></b><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Dans d’autres cas, nous avons une seule forme style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Dans d’autres cas, nous avons une seule forme pour les deux genres: </p> pour les deux genres. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></b><i src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></i>Beaucoup style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></i>Beaucoup de noms d’animaux ont une seule forme, masculine ou féminine: </p> de noms d’animaux ont une seule forme, masculine ou féminine. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto; <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Le nombre <o:p></o:p></b></p> text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify'><b <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p> style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p> </html > <p class =MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style ='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1' ><![if !supportLists ]><span =====Le nombre===== style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: <html ><!-- [if gte mso 9 ]><xml > <o :OfficeDocumentSettings > <o :AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings > </xml ><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES" >En espagnol les noms possèdent un nombre singulier ou Symbol' ><span style='mso-list :Ignore' >· <span style='font :7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> < /span ></span ></span ><![endif]>En espagnol les noms ont un nombre singulier ou pluriel. Le nombre indique la quantité d’objets auxquels ont fait référence.<b pluriel. Le nombre indique la quantité d’objets auxquels ont fait référence.<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>:<o:p></o:p></b></p> normal'> :<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_16"><![endif]></span><span src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_16"><![endif]></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></b>Les mots finis par -í, -ú, accentués style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></b>Les mots finis par -í, -ú, accentués peuvent avoir aussi un pluriel en -es: </p> peuvent avoir aussi un pluriel en -es. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemple</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemple</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>: </span></b><span lang=ES lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> : </span></b><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></b><span src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></b><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Si le singulier finit par une voyelle atone (sans style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Si le singulier finit par une voyelle atone (sans accent) + -s, le pluriel no change pas: </p> accent) + -s, le pluriel ne change pas. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p>