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| fr:gramatica_es:sustantivos_y_adjetivos:los_sustantivos:el_sustantivo [2016/10/19 11:20] – cintia | fr:gramatica_es:sustantivos_y_adjetivos:los_sustantivos:el_sustantivo [2023/02/14 14:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> | normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> |
| |
| ====Le genre des choses==== | =====Le genre des choses===== |
| |
| <html><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">En espagnol tous les noms ont toujours un genre, | <html><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">En espagnol tous les noms ont un genre, |
| qui peut être masculin ou féminin ; il n’y a pas de noms neutres. Il est | qui peut être masculin ou féminin ; il n’y a pas de noms neutres. Il est |
| très important de savoir si un nom est masculin ou féminin car tous les | très important de savoir si un nom est masculin ou féminin car tous les |
| éléments qui réfèrent à lui (articles, adjectifs, démonstratifs,…) doivent | éléments qui se réfèrent à lui (articles, adjectifs, démonstratifs,…) doivent |
| avoir le même genre.</p> | avoir le même genre.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
| text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>généralement | text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>généralement |
| masculins en -<span class=SpellE>aje</span> et -or<o:p></o:p></b></p> | masculin en -<span class=SpellE>aje</span> et -or<o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| </td> | </td> |
| <td width=307 valign=top style='width:230.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | <td width=307 valign=top style='width:230.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; |
| solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> | solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; | <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
| text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>féminins | text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>féminin |
| en -<span class=SpellE>ción</span>, -<span class=SpellE>sión</span>, -<span | en -<span class=SpellE>ción</span>, -<span class=SpellE>sión</span>, -<span |
| class=SpellE>dad</span> et -<span class=SpellE>tad</span><o:p></o:p></b></p> | class=SpellE>dad</span> et -<span class=SpellE>tad</span><o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| normal'> <o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> | normal'> <o:p></o:p></b></p> </html> |
| |
| ====Le genre des personnes et des animaux==== | =====Le genre des personnes et des animaux===== |
| |
| <html><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Les noms qui désignent des personnes et des | <html> |
| animaux ont généralement deux formes: une masculine et une autre féminine.</p> | |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; | <ul> |
| mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol; | <li>Les noms qui désignent des personnes et des animaux ont |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span | généralement deux formes: une masculine et une autre féminine.</li> |
| style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> | </ul> |
| </span></span></span><![endif]>Généralement, si le masculin finit par -o, le | <ul> |
| féminin finit par -a.</p> | <li>Généralement, si le masculin finit par -o, le féminin finit par -a.</li> |
| | </ul> |
| | <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify"><i>un |
| | chico |
| | </i><i><span style="font-family:Wingdings">à</span> una chica</i></p> |
| | <ul> |
| | <li>Si le masculin finit par une consonne, le féminin se forme en |
| | ajoutant un -a.</li> |
| | </ul> |
| | <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify"><i>un |
| | doctor |
| | </i><i><span style="font-family:Wingdings">à</span> una doctora</i></p> |
| | <ul> |
| | <li>Avec <b>certains</b> noms qui finissent par -e, le féminin se forme |
| | avec un -a.</li> |
| | </ul> |
| | <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify"><i><span |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: | lang="ES">el presidente </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Wingdings">à</span></i><i><span |
| auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Un <span | |
| class=SpellE>chico</span> </i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span | |
| style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: | |
| minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; | |
| mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type: | |
| symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span> <span class=SpellE>una</span> | |
| chica<o:p></o:p></i></p> | |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; | lang="ES"> la presidenta</span></i></p> |
| mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol; | <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify"><i><span |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span | |
| style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> | |
| </span></span></span><![endif]>Si le masculin finit par une consonne, le | |
| féminin se forme en ajoutant un -a.</p> | |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: | lang="ES">el jefe </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Wingdings">à</span></i><i><span |
| auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Un <span | |
| class=SpellE>doctor</span> </i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span | |
| style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: | |
| minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; | |
| mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type: | |
| symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span> <span class=SpellE>una</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE>doctora</span><o:p></o:p></i></p> | |
| | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; | |
| mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol; | |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span | |
| style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> | |
| </span></span></span><![endif]> Avec <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>certains</b> | |
| noms qui finissent par -e, le féminin se forme avec un -a.<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: | |
| normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> | |
| | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: | |
| auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES | |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>El presidente </span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: | |
| normal'><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; | |
| mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: | |
| minor-latin;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span | |
| style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span></i><i | |
| style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> | |
| la presidenta<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> | |
| | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:141.6pt;mso-add-space: | |
| auto;text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES | |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>El jefe </span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: | |
| normal'><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; | |
| mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: | |
| minor-latin;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span | |
| style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>à</span></span></i><i | |
| style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> | |
| la jefa<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> | |
| |
| | lang="ES"> la jefa</span></i></p> |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
| normal'>:<o:p></o:p></b></p> | normal'> :<o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: | </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><img alt="" src=" http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" align="none"></span></span></b><span style="mso-ansi-language: ES" lang="ES">Dans certains cas, nous avons un mot |
| normal'><span style='mso-fareast-language:FR;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype | différent pour chaque genre. </p> |
| id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" | |
| path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> | |
| <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> | |
| <v:formulas> | |
| <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> | |
| <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> | |
| </v:formulas> | |
| <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> | |
| <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> | |
| </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" | |
| style='width:28.5pt;height:28.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> | |
| <v:imagedata src="Traduction%20Le%20nom_fichiers/image001.wmz" o:title="MC900339198[1]"/> | |
| </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=38 height=38 | |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_12"><![endif]></span><span | |
| style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></b>Dans certains cas, nous avons un mot | |
| différent pour chaque genre: </p> | |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> |
| |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_14"><![endif]></span></b><span | src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_14"><![endif]></span></b><span |
| style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Il y a des mots avec des terminaisons | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Il y a des mots avec des terminaisons |
| spéciales pour le féminin:</p> | spéciales pour le féminin.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> | style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> |
| |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_13"><![endif]></span></b><span | src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_13"><![endif]></span></b><span |
| style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Dans d’autres cas, nous avons une seule forme | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Dans d’autres cas, nous avons une seule forme |
| pour les deux genres:</p> | pour les deux genres.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></b><i | src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></b><i |
| style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></i>Beaucoup | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></i>Beaucoup |
| de noms d’animaux ont une seule forme, masculine ou féminine:</p> | de noms d’animaux ont une seule forme, masculine ou féminine.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> | style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> |
| |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto; | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto; |
| text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Le nombre<o:p></o:p></b></p> | text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify'><b | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-align:justify'><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p> | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p> </html> |
| |
| <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span | =====Le nombre===== |
| style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | <html><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><div align="left"><ul><li><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">En espagnol les noms possèdent un nombre singulier ou |
| Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> | |
| </span></span></span><![endif]>En espagnol les noms ont un nombre singulier ou | |
| pluriel. Le nombre indique la quantité d’objets auxquels ont fait référence.<b | pluriel. Le nombre indique la quantité d’objets auxquels ont fait référence.<b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=GramE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Remarques</b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
| normal'>:<o:p></o:p></b></p> | normal'> :<o:p></o:p></b></p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_16"><![endif]></span><span | src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_16"><![endif]></span><span |
| style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></b>Les mots finis par -í, -ú, accentués | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></b>Les mots finis par -í, -ú, accentués |
| peuvent avoir aussi un pluriel en -es:</p> | peuvent avoir aussi un pluriel en -es.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemple</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemple</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>: </span></b><span lang=ES | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> : </span></b><span lang=ES |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> |
| |
| src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></b><span | src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg" v:shapes="Imagen_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></b><span |
| style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Si le singulier finit par une voyelle atone (sans | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Si le singulier finit par une voyelle atone (sans |
| accent) + -s, le pluriel no change pas:</p> | accent) + -s, le pluriel ne change pas.</p> |
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b | <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span class=SpellE><b |
| style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language: |
| ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span | ES'>Exemples</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
| lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'>:</span></b><span lang=ES | lang=ES style='mso-ansi-language:ES'> :</span></b><span lang=ES |
| style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> | style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p> |
| |