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Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ======All tenses, modals, gerunds and infinitives====== =====Introduction===== <html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/423_c3946f923a27754e5007efde82e7d94a.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="341" height="479" id="423" style="width: 113px; height: 156px;" alt="christmas, presents, family, gifts, famille cadeau noel child enfant " src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/423_c3946f923a27754e5007efde82e7d94a.jpg"></a> <b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Gifts <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are given</span> at Christmas.</span></b> <br></p></html> =====Uses===== <html><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><br></p><span style="color: black;"><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000">We use the passive because, in English, we often place the most important part of a sentence at the beginning. Consider these two sentences which give the same information:</font></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000">1. "The storm damaged my roof last night." [active] This is part of a conversation about a storm. The storm is the focus of the conversation so it is placed at the beginning of the sentence.</font></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000">2. "My roof </font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was damaged</span><font color="#000000"> in the storm last night." [passive] Here, the topic of conversation is the roof. The roof didn't 'do' anything but it is placed at the beginning of the sentence because the speaker wants to focus on it.</font></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></b><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000">The person or thing that performs an action is sometimes called 'the </font><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">agent</span><font color="#000000">'. We often omit the </font><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">agent</span><font color="#000000"> completely.</font></span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> </font><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><font color="#000000"> My roof</font><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was damaged</span><span style="color: red;"> </span><font color="#000000">last night.</font><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;'> </span></b></p><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><table width="770" style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 462.1pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Uses</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Examples</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The object is more important than the subject.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>My roof <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was damaged </span>(by the storm).</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>English <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is spoken </span>in Australia and New Zealand.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>We don't know who or what performed an action.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Last night, the bank in the High Street <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was robbed</span> and £250,000 <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was stolen</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>It is obvious who performed an action so we do not need to mention the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">agent</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Two men <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">were arrested</span> this morning. [We know it must be by the police.]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Yoan Gourcuff <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was sent off</span> in the match against South Africa. [by the referee, of course]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>An action is performed by people in general.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The coast of France <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">can be seen</span> from England on a clear day. [by anyone]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;'>It doesn't matter who performs the action - the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160); mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">agent</span> isn't relevant to the topic.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Coffee <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is grown </span>in Brazil.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>[The topic is coffee; the individual farmers are not important here.]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;'>We don't want to mention the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160); mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">agent</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was told</span> to do it like that! [I've done something wrong but I don't want to cause trouble for the colleague who gave me the wrong instructions]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Where did you get that necklace? Oh, it <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was given </span>to me ages ago. [by an ex-boyfriend but I don't want to tell you that!]</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>"Mistakes <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">were made</span>." - Ronald Reagan</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>People in positions of authority, such as politicians, want to distance themselves from the action.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The budget <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has been altered</span> to reflect current trends.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Appropriate action <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was taken</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The situation <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is being dealt with</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Steps <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">will be taken </span>to address the issues.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The process or principle is the most important thing - in scientific or academic writing, for example.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td><td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Calcium carbonate <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is put </span>into a test tube. About 10 cm<sup>3</sup> hydrochloric acid <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is added </span>and the bung quickly <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">replaced</span>.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>An <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">earthquake</span> happens when energy in the Earth's crust <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is</span> suddenly <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">released</span> and seismic waves <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are created</span>.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Flour, sugar and eggs <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are mixed </span>together.</span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"> <br></font></p></span><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><br></p></span><p style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16.8pt; vertical-align: top;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></html> =====Structure===== <html><p> <br></p><table width="765" style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; width: 459pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 147.15pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Tense or modal</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Subject</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>'to be'</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 112.45pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Past participle</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Present simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>is/are </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Present continuous</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>is/are being</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Past simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>was/were</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Past continuous</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>was/were being</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Present perfect simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>has/have been </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Past perfect simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>had been</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Future simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>will be</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Future "going to"</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>is going to be</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Future perfect simple</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>will have been</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Might/May</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>might/may be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>might/may have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Could</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>could be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>could have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Can</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>can be</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Should</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>should be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>should have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Ought to</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>ought to be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>ought to have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Would</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>would be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>would have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Must</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>must be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>must have been</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Have to</span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>have to be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>had to be</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Need</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>need(ed) to be </span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18; ;"> <td width="245" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 147.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Used to</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="118" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The car(s)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="214" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 128.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>used to be</span></b></p> </td> <td width="187" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 112.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sold in Europe.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><p><strong> <br></strong> </p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>We form negative sentences by making the verb 'to be'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> </span>negative. The past participle remains unchanged.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>I live in France but I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">wasn't born </span>there.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>She <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">hasn't been promoted </span>since 1998.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">isn't getting treated </span>well in his new job.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The meeting <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">can't be held</span> this week.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The order <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">needn't be sent </span>until the end of the week.</span></b></p><p> <br></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>We form questions using the usual rules.<span style="color: red;"> </span>[See rules for <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">making questions</span>.]</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Was</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> the job <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">finished</span> on time?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Has</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> lunch <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been prepared </span>yet?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Where <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">will</span> the meeting <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">be held</span>?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>How <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is</span> cheese <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">made</span>?</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Who <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is invited</span>?</span></b></p><p> <br><br></p></html> =====Using 'by'===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Sometimes, we use the word 'by' to add information about the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">agent</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The Internet <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is used </span><u>by</u> nearly two thousand million people worldwide.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>This building <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was designed </span><u>by</u> a famous architect.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>More men than women <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are employed </span><u>by</u> this company.</span></b></p><p> <b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; ;'>In these sentences, we are still placing the important part of the sentence at the beginning.</span></b><br></p></html> =====Formal and informal===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The passive is used in both formal and informal situations.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>New laws <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are expected to be introduced</span> in this Parliament that will link pension payments to life expectancy.<span style="color: blue; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">[The Times 25/6/2010]</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>I have to get the train to work today because my car'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s being repaired</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was born</span> in London.</span></b></p> <br></html> =====Get===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>For informal communication, we sometimes use<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> get</span> instead of <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>This bridge <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">gets repainted</span> every 5 years.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>The boys were playing football in the garden again and a window <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">got broken</span>. Luckily, no one <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">got hurt</span> this time!</span></b></p> <br></html> =====Transitive and intransitive verbs===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Only transitive verbs have a passive form.</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Active</span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Passive</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>They sent a letter.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>A letter <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was sent</span>.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f> <v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_13" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></v:path></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas></v:stroke></v:shapetype></span></b></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>They're decorating our office.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Our office <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is being decorated</span>.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_14" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></b></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>We're going to raise our targets.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Our targets <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are going to be raised</span>.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_15" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></b></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The sun rises in the east.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_17" style="width: 12pt; height: 12pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Description: Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></b></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 31.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td width="770" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt; height: 31.5pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;" colspan="2"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;'> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 66pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; ;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; height: 66pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The water boiled. [i]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>I boiled some water. [t]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'><br></span></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; height: 66pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.1pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_18" style="width: 12pt; height: 12pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.35pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Some water <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was boiled</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <br></html> =====Different forms===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Sometimes there are two possible active and passive forms depending on the emphasis. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="446" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Active</span></b></p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Passive</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="446" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 267.65pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>When I left my last job, they gave me a gift. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f> <v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></v:path></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas></v:stroke></v:shapetype></span></a></span></b><span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_12" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><strong><font size="2"> </font></strong><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" rel="image_show"><font size="2"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></font></a><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" rel="image_show"><font size="2"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></font></a><strong><font size="2"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></font></strong></v:shape></span></p><font face="arial" size="2"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><font face="arial"><font size="2"><b><span lang="EN-GB">[object (me) +object (a gift)] </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></a><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></a></span></font></font></p><font face="arial" size="2"> </font></td><font face="arial" size="2"> </font><td width="324" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 194.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"><font face="arial" size="2"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;"><font face="arial" size="2"> </font></span></b></p><font face="arial" size="2"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span><strong><font face="arial" size="2">I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was given</span> a gift.</font> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></a><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>[This one sounds more natural.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="446" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 267.65pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><strong>When I left my last job, they gave a gift to me. </strong><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_10" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>[correct but less common]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 194.45pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><font face="arial" size="2">A gift <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was given</span> to me.</font> </strong><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_11" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong> </strong><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>[Correct but less common - we might use this if, for example, we're stressing "me."]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; ;"> <td width="770" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-image: none; width: 462.1pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" colspan="2"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Other similar verbs include: lend, offer, sell, send, show, teach, tell and throw.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>However, with some verbs, object + object is not possible and so there is only one active form and one passive form.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Active</span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Passive</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><strong>He explained the figures to me. </strong><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><strong><font face="arial" size="2">The figures <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">were explained </span>to me.</font> </strong><img width="39" height="28" id="39" style="width: 20px; height: 18px;" alt="green check mark, tick mark" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/39_db7196aad25f86da510b9bb08610a187.jpg"><strong> <span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" style="width: 12.6pt; height: 9.6pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Tick Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-23530.html"> <v:imagedata o:title=" Tick Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span></a></span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><strong>He explained me the figures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" style="width: 12pt; height: 12pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="37" height="36" id="40" style="width: 25px; height: 17px;" alt="red x, red cross" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></a><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span><strong><font face="arial" size="2">I was explained the figures.</font></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong> </strong><img width="37" height="36" id="40" style="width: 25px; height: 17px;" alt="red x, red cross" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"><strong> </strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong> </strong></span><a href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; ; mso-no-proof: yes; text-underline: none;'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" style="width: 12pt; height: 12pt; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square;" alt="Description: Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" o:button="t" href="http://www.clker.com/clipart-3592.html"><strong> <v:imagedata o:title=" Red X Cross Wrong Not Clip Art" src="file:///C:\Users\Kim\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"> </v:imagedata></strong></v:shape></span></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; ;"> <td width="770" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-image: none; width: 462.1pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" colspan="2"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Other similar verbs include: deliver, demonstrate, describe, introduce, mention, report, say and suggest. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br></html> =====Passive gerunds===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>There are different forms of passive gerunds.</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Form and rules</span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Examples</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>'b<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">eing</span>'<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> + past participle</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He doesn't like <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being told </span>what to do.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Being elected </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>by my peers was very rewarding.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>They enjoy <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being shown </span>the sites in Paris.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He avoids <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being seen </span>when he arrives late.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Other verbs which can be used before 'being' include: hate, imagine, remember and resent. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>these verbs do not have corresponding meanings in active and passive sentences</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; ;"> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>When the active form consists of verb + object + gerund.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>They caught him stealing. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>His boss heard him making a private call.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="385" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> was caught </span>stealing.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> was heard </span>making a private call.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>these are only possible when the subject and object are people.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <br></html> =====Passive with infinitive ===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>This consists of the infinitive of 'to be' + past participle.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He asked <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be contacted </span>immediately if the situation changed.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The longer they knew him the more he came <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be respected </span>by his colleagues. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He chose <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be given</span> an extra week's holiday instead of a pay rise.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>My car needs <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be washed</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>She hopes <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be invited</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>It has <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">to be finished </span>today.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <br></html> =====Reported passive ===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>We can use a passive form to report what someone thinks or says:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>It <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is thought</span> that he's living in Spain.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is thought</span> to be living in Spain.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Hundreds of people <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">are believed</span> to have been killed in the earthquake.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>She <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">was said</span> to have resigned from the government.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>It <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has been suggested</span> that we hold another meeting next week.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.45pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>It <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">is thought</span> that red wine <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">shouldn't be drunk</span> with fish.</span></b></p> <br></html>