Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksExport to PDFBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ======The present perfect simple====== =====Introduction===== <html><p><img height="203" id="154" style="width: 92px; height: 113px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/154_572427abff7941dacbd9675510a9a7da.jpg"> <span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve bought </span>some new shoes. Do you want to see them?</strong></span> </p><p><br></p></html> =====Definition===== <html><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><strong><font size="2"><font face="Arial">The present perfect simple is a tense that we use to talk about events which occurred in a current, unfinished time frame. </font></font></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><strong><font size="2"><font face="Arial"></font></font></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><strong><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="2"><font face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><strong>It is used to talk about actions in the past but, unlike the past simple, there is no reference to a specific time. </strong></span></font></font></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="2"><font face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><strong>We use it when it is not important when something happened. </strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font color="#ff0000"> </font></span></span></font></font></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p></html> =====Construction===== <html><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; " lang="EN-US"> <TABLE border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 83.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="111"><strong>affirmative:</strong></TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 290.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="387"><strong>subject + 'have' + past participle </strong> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; tab-stops: 70.9pt" ><strong>I'<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">ve read </SPAN>the report.</strong></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 127.6pt" ><SPAN style="" lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Calibri"> </FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 83.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="111"><strong>negative:</strong></TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 290.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="387"> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; tab-stops: 70.9pt" ><strong>subject + 'have' + 'not'+ past participle</strong></P> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; tab-stops: 70.9pt" ><strong>I <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">haven't read </SPAN>the report.</strong></P> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: white; tab-stops: 70.9pt" ><SPAN style="" lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Calibri"> </FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 30.6pt; ; "> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 83.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 30.6pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="111"><strong>interrogative:</strong></TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 290.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 30.6pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="387"><strong>'have' + subject + past participle </strong> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3pt; BACKGROUND: white; tab-stops: 70.9pt" ><strong><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #0000cc; ; mso-fareast-language: FR; " lang="EN-US">Have</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; ; mso-fareast-language: FR; " lang="EN-US"> you <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">read</SPAN> the report?</SPAN></strong><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; ; mso-fareast-language: FR; " lang="EN-US"></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 127.6pt" ><SPAN style="" lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Calibri"> </FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></SPAN></B> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt" > </P></html> =====Uses===== <html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>This tense is particularly useful in the following situations:</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Situation</span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Examples</span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To ask about and share life experiences - a good way to begin a conversation in English. It does not matter when the experience happened. There may be a link to a current topic of conversation.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Have</span> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span> to Japan?"</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"No I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't</span> but I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve met </span>a lot of Japanese people in my job."</span></b></p></td></tr> <tr> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To talk about recent actions.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve drunk </span>a lot of coffee today.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve had </span>four meetings with him recently.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> just <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">spoken</span> to her.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To talk about actions in an unfinished period, including someone's life. There is a suggestion that, because the time frame is unfinished, the situation could change in the future.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't seen </span>him much in the last few years.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The U.K. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has had</span> three Prime Ministers this century.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s written </span>four books. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To explain something in the present. It often answers the question, 'why?'</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The action itself is finished, but there is an effect in the present.<span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I can't read this because I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve lost </span>my glasses. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"Why are you so hot?"</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve run </span>all the way here."</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Oh, no. I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve spilt </span>milk all over the floor. I'd better clear it up before the guests arrive. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To announce new information.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>This is often heard on news programmes.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve found </span>my glasses. <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The Prime Minister <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has returned </span>from his visit to France.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>To report on progress - talking about what has and has not been done. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The project or activity is still 'alive' - it is an example of a current time frame.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>There's a meeting tomorrow - I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve booked </span>a room and <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">sent </span>an email to everyone with the details but I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't written </span>the agenda or <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ordered</span> the lunch yet.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>When something started in the past and continues until now, we use the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">present perfect continuous</span> but the present perfect simple can also be used with certain verbs, including 'to live', 'to work', 'to teach' and 'to manage'. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>There is a suggestion of permanence similar to the difference between the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">present simple</span> and <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">present continuous</span>.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve lived </span>in this house since 2006.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> always <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">worked</span> for a big company.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>She'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s taught </span>English for many years now.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s managed </span>the sales department since Thierry retired.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>With <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">stative verbs</span> when something started in the past and continues until now.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(112, 48, 160); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve known </span>him for a long time.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve had </span>this car since Christmas.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <br> </p></html> =====Words and expressions commonly used with the present perfect simple===== <html><p class="ListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Yet</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We use 'yet' to add an extra meaning to negative sentences and questions. Maybe something has not been done but there is an understanding that it will be at some point.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Contrast these two sentences:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">seen</span> the new James Bond film? [The speaker has no idea if the other person has seen it or is likely to.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">seen</span> the new James Bond film <u>yet</u>? [The speaker knows that if the other person has not, he is likely to later.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Examples:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The deadline for this report is tomorrow and I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't started </span>it yet! [but I will.]<span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">met</span> the new manager yet? [If you haven't, I know you will later.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve been </span>to Rome but I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't been</span> to Venice <u>yet</u>. [but I intend to.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>These can be contrasted with the following examples which do not need 'yet'.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't been</span> to China. [and maybe I never will.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">seen</span> the new James Bond film? [Maybe you will and maybe you won't.]<span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>'Yet' can also be used in informal English in this kind of affirmative sentence where there is some doubt:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I'd like to see your report tomorrow. That is, if you've finished it yet.</span></b></p> <h1 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2"> </font></span></span></h1> <p class="ListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Already</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We use 'already' in affirmative sentences and questions. It usually suggests that something has been done sooner than expected.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2cm; text-indent: -14.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>It's 12.30. Shallwe go to lunch now?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 2cm; text-indent: -14.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Sorry - I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> already <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">had</span> mine!"</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 2cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you already <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">finished </span>it? I'm surprised; I thought it would take longer.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Less formally, we might change the word order and stress 'already':</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">eaten</span> the whole cake already?!</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Just</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We use 'just' in affirmative sentences and questions to suggest a very recent action: <span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I've been working on this report all day and I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> just <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">finished</span> it - time to go home now!</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>You look very tanned; <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span> you just <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span> on holiday?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Ever/never</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>In questions, it is very common to add the word 'ever'. This </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>emphasises</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> that we are referring to any time at all in the past and so it is not used for more recent events. The link with the present is the fact that these events and life experiences have an effect on the person you are now.<span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80);"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you ever <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">met </span>a famous person?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you ever <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ridden</span> a horse?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>If you get a positive answer to this kind of question, you can continue in the past simple:</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: 6.55pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you ever <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span> to Paris?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: 6.55pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Yes, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span>.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: 6.55pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>When did you go? Did you enjoy it?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-indent: 6.55pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Two years ago. I went with some friends - we had a great time.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Similarly, the word 'never' emphasises 'at no time in the past' and gives an alternative negative form.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve never been </span>to Paris but I'd love to.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>How long..? For/since</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>When something started in the past and continues until now</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>, we can ask questions using 'How long..?'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160); mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>How long <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span> they <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span> married?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>How long <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">lived</span> in London?</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We can specify duration with either 'for' or 'since'. We use 'for' with a period of time and 'since' with a specific point in the past.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve been </span>married for two years.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-indent: 1cm;"><a name="_GoBack"></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve lived </span>in London since 2008.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 1cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Some more examples:</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>For</span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Since</span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>five minutes</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>two hours</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>days</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>three weeks</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>a long time</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>yesterday</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>last week</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>October</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>1974</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I was a child</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>she started working here</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>in negative sentences with 'for' or 'since', there are different possible meanings between the present perfect simple and the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">present perfect continuous</span>. The <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">present perfect continuous</span> is less likely to be heard. For example:</span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't been</span> to the theatre for ages - so I'm really excited about seeing </span></b><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Phantom of the Opera </span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>with Susan tonight</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>[It is a long time between my last visit to the theatre and the present one.]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(240, 240, 240) rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"Don't you go to the theatre on Wednesdays?" </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>"No, I haven't been going to the theatre for ages."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;'>[I used to go to the theatre regularly but now I don't.]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't spoken</span> to Patty since Monday. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>[We have had no contact between Monday and today.]</span></b></p></td> <td width="319" valign="top" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(240, 240, 240) windowtext windowtext rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 16.2pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I haven't been speaking to Patty since Monday. </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>[When we 'are not speaking to someone', it means we are deliberately not communicating because of an argument. So this means that between Monday and today, we have chosen not to have any contact.]<span style="color: rgb(42, 42, 42);"></span></span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: red; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note that</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> these words and expressions can also be used with some other tenses.</span></b></p></html> ========== <html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>The past participle of this verb is 'gone' but we can also use 'been'. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>'Been' is used when someone went somewhere, maybe more than once, and has now returned.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>'Gone' is used when someone went somewhere and hasn't returned.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s been </span>to Italy. [He isn't there now.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s gone </span>to Italy. [He's in Italy now.]</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Where's Jack?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s gone </span>to lunch.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>And Robert?</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 42.55pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I think he'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s been </span>to lunch and is back in his office now.</span></b></p><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><br></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Note </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>that the present perfect is less common in American English where the past simple is preferred in some of the above situations</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>I just had dinner.<br>I already finished it.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Did you send that email yet? </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Look! There was an accident.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Sorry, I forgot your name.</span></b></p></span><p><br></p></html> =====Simple or continuous===== <html><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Use the present perfect simple for actions and experiences at finished but unspecified times in the past and the present perfect continuous for recent or ongoing activities. Compare:</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'>She'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s studied </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'>maths and physics but works as a yoga teacher now.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>She's been studying Japanese because she's going to a conference in Tokyo next month.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'> </span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s learned </span>to drive at last - he passed his test last week.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He's been learning to drive but it's not going well.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: FR;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>We also use the present perfect simple for actions that involve something we can count or measure. Compare:</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve drunk </span>three glasses of wine this evening.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I've been drinking wine all evening.</span></b></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>He'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">s run </span>5km this morning.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></p> <p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; text-indent: -14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He's been running this morning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> </p> <p> </p></html> =====Present perfect simple or past simple?===== <html><div align="center"> <table width="100%" style="width: 100%; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-cellspacing: 0cm;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" table=""> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> <td align="left" style="padding: 3.75pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>If we mention or know when something happened, use the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">past simple</span>. If we don't know, or it isn't important, use the present perfect simple.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>"I read that book when I was a child. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Have</span> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">read </span>it?"</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>"Yes, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span>."</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>"I saw Penny yesterday and I asked her to call me today but she <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">hasn't</span> yet."</span></b></p></td></tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td align="left" style="padding: 3.75pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>If something happened in a finished time frame, use the <span style="color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">past simple</span>. In a current, unfinished time frame, use the present perfect simple.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'></span></b></p></td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding: 3.75pt; border: rgb(240, 240, 240); background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Charles Dickens wrote more than 30 books.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.7pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Dan Brown <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has written</span> 5 books.</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br></html> =====Examples===== <html><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="167" valign="middle"> <p><br></p></td> <td width="665" align="left" valign="middle"> <p><br></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><img height="112" id="372" style="width: 109px; height: 79px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/372_f3df83c86ed46447511615dc90792502.jpg"></span></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><strong>Have</strong></span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'> you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">had </span>a blood test before, Mr Brown? </span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Yes, lots of times. </span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><img height="98" id="237" style="width: 110px; height: 71px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/237_905dcaa5b9f8eb631ce1f2783826cc63.jpg"></span></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><strong>I'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve handed </span>in my notice - I just couldn't go on working here anymore. </strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have </span><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>you<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> told </span>your husband yet? </span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>No, I'm going to tell him tonight.</span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p> <b><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><img height="100" id="28" style="width: 104px; height: 77px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/28_ee94ca298edfd2b3f105f70ffed0a4a8.jpg"></span></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p><strong><span style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Hello, George. Where <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have </span>you <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span>? I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't seen </span>you around lately.<br>I<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve been </span></span>away a lot - visiting clients in the UK.</span></span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><img height="195" id="1438" style="width: 93px; height: 105px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1438_c8173d01cc8cd629d083a08d78170b71.jpg"></span></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Have </span><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>you<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> had </span>a break today? You look really tired. </span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>No, I <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">haven't had</span> a break since I got here.</span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><b><img height="195" id="1439" style="width: 91px; height: 100px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1439_6b252d2f73e582b47ab8b5119441c7fc.jpg"></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"><strong><span style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Where<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> have </span>you<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"> put</span> my keys? I can't find them anywhere.</span> </span></strong></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><b><b><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><b><img height="101" id="345" style="width: 115px; height: 80px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/345_3bb3f70056a0d7dd1026d1c29297ff25.png"></b></b></span></b></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve had </span>three holidays already this year and we'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> just <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">booked</span> another one! </span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>We'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span> always <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">wanted</span> to go to China.</span> </span></span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><b><b><b><b><b><b><img height="103" id="446" style="width: 111px; height: 78px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/446_ac088bb63ca26387932ff6a6e612f82c.jpg"></b></b></b></b></b></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'>The </span>government <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">has announced </span></span><span class="ft"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'>that the increase of the retirement age to 67 will now take place </span></span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span class="ft"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'>between 2026 and 2028.</span></span> </span></span></span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><b><b><b><b><img height="178" id="6" style="width: 100px; height: 97px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/6_509d9220e524d3337a0ad8cf1b2c14db.jpg"></b></b></b></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span class="ft"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'>Look, we'<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve made </span>a mistake here.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><b><b><b><b><b><img height="140" id="330" style="width: 100px; height: 108px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/330_18c30ed1c90726bbd134b460405f270c.jpg"></b></b></b></b></b></p></td> <td valign="middle"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span class="ft"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000">We're going to Paris for the weekend next month. I'</font>ve booked <font color="#000000">the hotel and </font>bought <font color="#000000">a good guide book</font></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span class="ft"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";'><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);"><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000">but I</font> haven't decided <font color="#000000">whether to fly or go by Eurostar yet.</font></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><img height="96" id="30" style="width: 98px; height: 68px;" alt="Image" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/30_c26f02c159496f4f4dabd1e4a1310bde.jpg"></span></p></td> <td valign="middle"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000"><strong>Hello Bill, this is Helen. <br>Y</strong></font><strong><font color="#000000">es, I know; we'</font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">ve</span><font color="#000000"> already </font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">met</span><font color="#000000">. How </font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">have</span><font color="#000000"> you </font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">been</span></strong></span><strong>?</strong></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle"> <p><span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><br></span></p></td> <td valign="middle"><strong><spa style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><font color="#000000"><br></font></span></spa></strong></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br></p></html> [[en:grammar:home|{{ :file_-_back_3_.png?150 }}]]