This is an old revision of the document!
Le participe passé
Introduction
- Le participe c'est un adjectif verbal qui exprime le résultat d'un processus.
Formation
Sa forme régulière se fait en changeant la terminaison de l'infinitif par les terminaisons suivantes:
|
-ar |
-ado |
hablar à hablado |
|
-er -ir |
-ido |
comer à comido vivir à vivido |
Les principaux participes irréguliers sont:
|
hacer à hecho satisfacer à satisfecho decir à dicho ver à visto |
romper à roto volver à vuelto poner à puesto escribir à escrito resolver à resuelto |
morir à muerto abrir à abierto cubrir à cubierto freír à frito/freído imprimir à impreso/imprimido |
Utilisation
<html> <ul> <li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>En tant qu'adjectif</span></b></li>
</ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES” lang=“ES”>Quand il s'utilise comme adjectif, le participe s'accorde toujours
en genre et en nombre avec le nom auquel il se réfère. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Exemples:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Los <u>archivos protegidos</u>
con contraseña son confidenciales.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>En verano hay muchos <u>perros
abandonados</u> en la carretera.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>No puedo abrir tus <u>archivos</u>;
están <u>protegidos</u>.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Mira esta <u>perrita</u>;
está <u>abandonada</u>.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>No puedes abrir mis <u>archivos</u>;
los tengo <u>protegidos</u>.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Tienes las <u>plantas
abandonadas</u>.
Cuídalas más, hombre.</span></i></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES” lang=“ES”> </span><b style=“mso-bidi-font-weight: normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Utilisation dans les formes
composées du verbe <br>
</span></b></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES“ lang=“ES”>Avec le verbe auxiliaire”haber“ + participe nous construisons les
formes composées du verbe:</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt” border=“1” cellpadding=“0”
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes">
<td style="width:147.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top"
width="196">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Passé
composé<br>
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:159.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="213">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">présent
de haber + participe</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">he comido</span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1">
<td style="width:147.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="196">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Plus-que-parfait</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:159.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top"
width="213">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">imparfait
de haber + participe</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top"
width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">había comido</span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes">
<td style="width:147.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="196">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Futur
antérieur</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:159.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top"
width="213">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">futur
de haber + participe</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top"
width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">habré comido</span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES“ lang=“ES”>Etc.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:ES”
lang="ES"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Remarques:</span></b><span
style="mso-fareast-language:
FR;mso-no-proof:yes”></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><img alt="" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg"
align="none"> <span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Dans ces
dernières formes, le participe ne peut pas être séparé du verbe "haber".</span><b
style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”><br>
</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Exemple:</span></b><i style=“mso-bidi-font-style: normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”><br>
</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Hemos hablado mucho (no <s
style="text-line-through:double">Hemos mucho hablado</s>)</span></i><span
style="mso-fareast-language:
FR;mso-no-proof:yes”></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><img alt="" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg"
align="none"> <span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Aussi, il
est invariable, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne s'accorde pas avec un autre
élément de la phrase.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”><br>
</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Exemple:</span></b><i style=“mso-bidi-font-style: normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”><br>
</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Nosotras hemos salido tarde
(no "<s style="text-line-through:double">Nosotras hemos salidas</s>")</span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1”>
</p>
<ul>
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal“><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”>Le participe passé dans une
proposition</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal”><span style=“mso-ansi-language:ES” lang=“ES”> participe</span></b></li>
</ul>
<div align="center">
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt“ border=“1” cellpadding=“0”
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes">
<td style="width:153.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Structure</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:
none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Valeur</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:
none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Exemples</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes">
<td style="width:153.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:
none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Participe passé (ou
adjectif qualificatif) + nom (ou pronom)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><img alt="" src="http://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2280_f8757b8646d7bdd7fa9deeffa8bbea88.jpg"
align="none"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span
lang="ES">L'accord participe-nom est obligatoire.</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Valeur temporelle
antérieure à celle exprimée par le verbe de la phrase
principal.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Valeur de manière.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES">Valeur de concession si
le participe est précédé d'une conjonction de
concession.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:153.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="205">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Hecho</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> esto, fue a visitar a
sus padres.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Terminada</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> la reunión, salieron.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES"
lang="ES">Desnudado</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:ES" lang="ES"> el niño, la madre lo
bañó.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES" lang="ES"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES" lang="ES">Se sentó, <u>erguida </u>la cabeza, frente al tribunal.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES" lang="ES"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES" lang="ES">La habitación, si bien <u>modificada</u> la disposición de los
muebles, no resulta más espaciosa.</span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
ES” lang=“ES”> </span></p>
</body>
</html>