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Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ======Participle clauses====== =====Introduction===== <html><p><img width="401" height="298" id="2191" style="width: 168px; height: 138px;" alt="employee salarié running fast speed man vite rapide" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2191_e565c1c08a3e80ee877c5161274ac862.jpg"> <strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Realising </span><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>he was late for work, he decided to run.</span></strong></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'></span></strong><br></p></html> =====Definition===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Participle clauses are a type of adverbial clause which allow us to say something with fewer words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p> <br></html> =====Construction===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="212" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.35pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;'> </span></p> </td> <td width="289" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 173.15pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Affirmative</span></b></p> </td> <td width="251" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.3pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Negative</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="212" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 127.35pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Present participle - the subject in each clause is the same.</span></b></p> </td> <td width="289" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Watching</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> TV, Jack fell asleep. [Jack was watching TV]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span><strong><font face="arial" size="2">Watching TV, Jack's wife came home</font>. </strong><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="37" height="36" id="40" style="width: 15px; height: 16px;" alt="red x, red cross" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/40_457126aaf23a65c1331eea83d27fb7c4.jpg"></a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="251" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 150.3pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Not knowing </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>what to do, he asked for help.</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="212" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 127.35pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Past participle - the meaning is passive.</span></b></p> </td> <td width="289" valign="top" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; width: 173.15pt; background-color: transparent;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Watched</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> so closely, the presenter felt nervous. [The audience was watching him.]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="251" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 150.3pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Not known </span><span lang="EN-GB">for his punctuality, he arrived late as usual.</span></font></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="212" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 127.35pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Perfect participle - one action is before another.</span></b></p> </td> <td width="289" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 0px; border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 173.15pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Having watched </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>a film, Jack went to bed. [active]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Having been watched </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>all day, the presenter felt more used to it. [passive]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="251" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 150.3pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Not having known </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>him for long, she hesitated to ask him for help.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Not having been known </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>for his generosity, his colleagues were surprised when he invited them to dinner.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that: </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>With present and perfect participle clauses, the sentences can be inverted: </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Seeing</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> the train arrive, she started to hurry.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>She started to hurry, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">seeing</span> the train arrive. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Not having seen </span>the cable, she tripped over it.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>She tripped over the cable, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">not having seen </span>it.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The participle clause sometimes has a subject: </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>This company has a lot of longstanding employees, <u>some</u> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">having worked </span>here for more than 40 years.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The weather</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being</span> good, they decided to have lunch outdoors.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The report</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">written</span>, he turned to his next task. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note that </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>this structure is formal, and rare in conversation.</span></b></p> <br></html> =====Uses===== <html> <table style="border: currentColor; border-image: none; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;"> <td width="271" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 162.8pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Use</span></b></p> </td> <td width="480" valign="top" style="background: rgb(91, 155, 213); border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 288pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: white; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;'>Examples</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td width="271" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 162.8pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>To explain why</span></b></p> </td> <td width="480" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 288pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Hoping</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> to find a solution, we called an emergency meeting. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>I didn't take a pen and paper to the workshop, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">knowing</span> that they'd be provided. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Having written </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>down the wrong time, I turned up an hour early!</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td width="271" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 162.8pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>To talk about a time - an alternative to using words such as 'while' and 'as soon as'</span></b></p> </td> <td width="480" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 0px 0px; border-style: none solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 288pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Chatting </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>with my colleagues at lunch, I suddenly remembered I had a meeting.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Hearing </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>that Julia had got the manager's job, I decided to resign. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Walking</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>past the church on my left, I followed a narrow street to the main square.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Seen</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> from a distance, he looked/looks like his brother. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td width="271" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 162.8pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>In conditional sentences, particularly when giving recommendations or advice </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="480" valign="top" style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border-image: none; width: 288pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Heated</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>gently, the soup retains its flavour. </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Serviced </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>regularly, this car will go on for years.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Better <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">paid</span>, they'd probably work harder.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Dealt with </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>sooner, it wouldn't have got as bad as this.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; ;"> <td width="271" valign="top" style="background: white; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt 1pt; border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 162.8pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-left-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>To talk about something happening at the same time as the activity in the main clause or to give further information about the main clause</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Note:</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> Mainly seen in formal literature</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> </td> <td width="480" valign="top" style="border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(91, 155, 213) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 288pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-right-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1;"> <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The people in this team are quite young, most <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being</span> under twenty-five.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Her voice <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">getting</span> louder, she continued to tell him how she felt. </span></b></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br></html> =====Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Present and perfect participle clauses are often used after certain conjunctions and prepositions. Here are some examples:</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><br></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=";"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Before</span></u></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>telling</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> everyone the date, could you make sure there's a room available?</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><br> <b style=";"><u>After</u> </b></span><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>having read </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>all my emails, I didn't have much time for anything else.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'><br> <b style=";"><u>On</u> </b></span><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>seeing</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> there was no one in the room, he realised he'd got the time wrong.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 96.0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>Mind the gap <u>when</u> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>boarding</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> the train.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 96.0pt;"><b style=";"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>While/whilst</span></u></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> </span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>accepting</span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'> the need for new desks, the management didn't want to pay for them.</span></b></p> <br></html> =====Participle clauses after a noun ===== <html> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Also known as 'reduced relative clauses', these give information about a noun. They use present or past participles, including 'being'.</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Present participles are used for a variety of tenses, not just the present continuous:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: red; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The man <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">organising</span> the conference is my colleague<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">. [the man who is organising..]</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Passengers <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">arriving</span> from the EU need to queue here. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[who arrive, or who are arriving] </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>She was the one <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">talking</span> to Harry. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[who was talking</span>]</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(83, 129, 53); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>Past participles are used with a passive meaning:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Did you read the report <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">written</span> by the HR department?<span style="color: rgb(166, 166, 166); mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[which was written] </span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>He likes shoes <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">made</span> in Italy. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[which are made]</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>'Being' + past participle is used with a continuous passive meaning:</span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The room <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being decorated </span>at the moment is the manager's office. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[which is...]</span></span></b></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(166, 166, 166); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: background1; mso-themeshade: 166;'><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style=";"><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;'>The subject <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">being discussed </span>when he arrived was the delayed delivery. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">[which was...]</span></span></b></p> <br></html> =====Examples===== <html><p><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/537_7ce223ce3cabcaadbf2ab8d5725b0107.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="323" height="479" id="537" style="width: 92px; height: 133px;" alt="girl, broken arm, injury" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/537_7ce223ce3cabcaadbf2ab8d5725b0107.jpg"></a> <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>She broke her arm <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">playing</span> tennis.</strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/385_ac59e1ab3acb8fdb604322af5b381a3d.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="183" height="227" id="385" style="width: 92px; height: 114px;" alt="watch time coffee " src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/385_ac59e1ab3acb8fdb604322af5b381a3d.jpg"></a> <strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Noticing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'> the time, she decided to head back to the office.</span></strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1742_6f123252b7081b6f561de6eed51142cb.png" rel="image_show"><img width="116" height="169" id="1742" style="width: 92px; height: 135px;" alt="elderly woman grandmother flowers garden dame agée fleurs jardin old" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1742_6f123252b7081b6f561de6eed51142cb.png"></a> <strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='color: rgb(0, 0, 204); line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>Watered</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'> regularly, these plants will produce flowers all summer. </span></strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1891_5e29bcccc38a5c32510face138b868b7.jpg" rel="image_show"><img width="175" height="140" id="1891" style="width: 111px; height: 82px;" alt="sofá_sofa" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/1891_5e29bcccc38a5c32510face138b868b7.jpg"></a> <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>The dinner all <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">prepared</span>, she decided to relax for an hour or so.</strong></span></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2738_6c4a3d24ade41a89583630fbd96a4e7e.png" rel="image_show"><img width="180" height="147" id="2738" style="width: 107px; height: 92px;" alt="car broken down bonnet hood " src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/2738_6c4a3d24ade41a89583630fbd96a4e7e.png"></a> <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;'><strong>He decided to get a new car after <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">breaking</span> down yet again.</strong></span></span></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;'><a class="various" href="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/487_75937432001c71135f7f46045bf9c05a.png" rel="image_show"><img width="275" height="187" id="487" style="width: 111px; height: 90px;" alt="man, woman, family" src="https://www.e-exercises.com/img/bibliotheque/487_75937432001c71135f7f46045bf9c05a.png"></a> <span lang="EN-GB" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'><strong>The couple <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">living</span> next door last year were really friendly.</strong></span></span></span></span></span><br></p></html> [[en:grammar:home|{{ :file_-_back_3_.png?150 }}]]